Brazil Country Profile – BBC News
Overview
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest in the world, with an area of 8.5 million square kilometers (3.3 million square miles). It is bordered by every other South American country except Chile and Ecuador, and by the Atlantic Ocean to the east. With a population of over 210 million, Brazil is the seventh most populous country in the world. The capital and largest city is Brasília, while the most populous city is São Paulo.
History
Brazil was first colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century. It became independent in 1822 and was ruled by a succession of emperors until 1889, when it became a republic. Brazil has experienced periods of both political stability and instability, and has been ruled by both military and civilian governments. The country has also experienced periods of economic growth and recession.
Geography
Brazil is a vast and diverse country, with a wide range of climates and ecosystems. The Amazon Rainforest, the largest rainforest in the world, covers much of the northern part of the country. The country also has a large number of rivers, including the Amazon River, the largest river in the world. Brazil is also home to a number of mountains, including the Andes Mountains.
Economy
Brazil is the ninth largest economy in the world, with a GDP of over $1.8 trillion. The country is a major exporter of agricultural products, such as soybeans, corn, and sugar, as well as minerals, such as iron ore and gold. Brazil is also a major producer of manufactured goods, such as automobiles, steel, and textiles.
Politics
Brazil is a federal republic, with a president, a bicameral legislature, and a judiciary. The president is the head of state and government. The legislature is composed of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Federal Court, the Superior Court of Justice, and the Regional Federal Courts.
Culture
Brazil is a culturally diverse country, with a rich history and traditions. The country’s culture is influenced by its Portuguese, African, and indigenous roots. Brazil is known for its music, dance, and cuisine. The country is also home to a number of cultural festivals, such as the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro.
Challenges
Brazil faces a number of challenges, including poverty, inequality, and corruption. The country also has a high crime rate. Brazil is also facing environmental challenges, such as deforestation and climate change.